This report catches up with the same individuals from our Transition to adulthood report.
2 years later, we want to see if there have been any changes in the important points raised in their first interviews.
The participants either lived at home with their parents, with housemates or alone.
Who they lived with was a big source of emotional, and sometimes physical support. The people they lived with had a huge effect on their mental and physical wellbeing.
When looking for accommodation, disabled young people’s choice is limited by accessibility, affordability and location. Having to finding somewhere near public transport or shops.
Some disabled young people are having to live with others to keep rent costs down or live at home. The emotional burden of budgeting is tough.
We know that Accessible living is important for young disabled people to live independently. Adaptations and accessible homes often come at extra cost.
Disabled young people felt independent, regardless of their living situation, at home or with others.
Disabled young people on benefits felt they had to make difficult decisions between living with their partner and losing benefits
A is a wheelchair user who has recently moved to a larger city. A’s social life has improved as the opportunities to socialise have increased. This is due to more accessible transport making it easier for A to travel.
Yes. I've done a lot more visiting friends and stuff, I think, partly because some of my friends here… have wheelchair-accessible houses, which is great. Also, the public transport here is more accessible, yes.
Although moving to the city has improved A’s life and independence, A’s financial situation remains challenging. Unable to find suitable employment.
There are barriers towards disabled people [increasing their income], [with difficulty finding] work, the accessibility of workplaces (physical or otherwise) and whether people are even going to employ us.
As well as relying on benefits.
The fact that when you're on benefits and that's the only way that you're living, you can never get more than a certain amount. You can never hope to, like, earn more money, ever. I'll say money... is, like, a barrier.
Some of the rules around benefits prevent her from having romantic relationships.
I would suggest campaigning for people on benefits to be able to live with partners, and to be able to get married without losing their benefits. That's horrible, because it's either you are signing yourself up to an equal relationship [living apart], or there's no money [living together].
Adam works full time and he feels supported. This has allowed him to gain the confidence and independence to consider moving out of the family home in the future.
He's parents are an important support for him, both emotionally and financially. He aspires to stay in the hospitality industry and live by himself.
I've thought about it for quite a while, it's just, I want to have that independence, where you can go into your own flat, or house and just shut the door and go, 'This is my place
He worries about being able to look after himself, living on his own.
Then, I worry, like, how am I going to look after myself, being on my own?
Although Adam has fears about looking after himself. He's job gives him the skills to be able to live independently. Including confidence and knowledge to complete practical tasks.
The skills that I've learnt from work I can now implement at home, which is good.
Moved to a new area for work which meant that she left behind some of her support network. Overall, she is happy with the move and loves living by herself.
The people are really kind, really nice people. I also live by myself which is another thing that I've never done before but actually I think having full independence is quite good. It's worked out a lot better than I had anticipated.
She values her independence but has support in place in case her fluctuating condition worsens.
The hassle of switching to a different NHS trust was enough to make her feel as if she should not have moved.
I would say probably apart from starting a job the biggest impact has been that I tried to change consultants and my whole medical set up; it just was a disaster. [It] was just really frustrating and soul destroying. I think [it] kind of comes down to the age thing and assumptions people make about you. So, there was an element of, 'You're 24, you must be fine.'
She has faced discrimination from people who have said that she is too young to be disabled and had to go without her essential medication for months.
Most of our participants were in higher education in mainstream institutions.
There was a variety of experiences in the group, but these are some of the important themes.
Some universities did not have the facilities to support disabled students or support they provided was restricted. This required disabled young people to live near their family or healthcare providers.
Disabled young people had positive experiences with helpful advice centres, tutors and note takers.
Some disabled young people experienced accusations of laziness from lecturers, if they struggled to attend lectures or needed materials before the lecture.
An important factor that made disabled young people feel unequal to their peers.
Friends they could confide in about their conditions was an excellent source of emotional support.
Melissa felt that her choices were limited when she went to apply for colleges as only a limited number had the facilities that she required.
I was given a list of the colleges that I could attend, and that made me feel, kind of, rubbish because I was like, 'Well, so many places don't want me.'
She also felt that there was a general lack of awareness from staff regarding disability.
…it's all well and good going to a mainstream college, but if you've got disabilities, you're just going to be stuck in with people who don't have disabilities, so then, everyone learns in a different way.
I think even mainstream teachers should have to go through some training to try and understand how people react differently to things.
Kashif has not had the support that he needs from his university. He feels that they reluctantly offer to print off the slides he needs for lectures and expect him to walk across campus to pick them up.
Right now, if I walk across campus, I'm having to make sure I wear white trainers, put my torch on and just keep to the path that I know otherwise I'll walk into a concrete bollard, for example.
I can't see the lecture screens, so the university prints them out but they print them out for me to collect at [an alternative campus]. I'm like, 'This is a 20 to 30-minute walk away from me, and you want me to come and just pick up three lecture slides?
Our participants working arrangements varied and included:
Earning their own money or working towards a career made our participants feel independent.
Feeling supported at work was incredibly important. This included being given responsibilities, being part of a team and flexible working.
Those having difficulty finding work felt there was an inconsistency between the jobs they wanted, and those that they were offered.
Some disabled young people felt if they disclosed their impairment during the hiring process, they did not get offered interviews or the job.
Jennifer is struggling to find suitable employment as she feels too overqualified for low skilled entry level jobs but not skilled enough for higher level jobs.
Jennifer has little experience with job interviews because she often doesn’t receive a response from employers.
I was like, 'No one's responded to me, I've had nothing.' I didn't want it to feel like I wasn't trying because I was. It was just, I never had experience.
Jennifer would like some legal advice about her disability rights and what employers are allowed to do when recruiting.
One thing I've never really quite been able to deal with, the law says you can't ask a disabled applicant what adjustments they need for the job, but employers still do and I would like someone to tell me how to respond to that.
Jennifer plans to go back to university nearer to home, where she can commute. She wants to continue studying politics, but she is probably going to have to repeat the second year to have sufficient grades to move on.
After her recent experience of job searching, she’d like to gain some work experience while at university to better prepare her for a career.
I don't think I've learned much. More what the jobs world was like, and it wasn't what I expected.
Independence looks different across disabled young people’s lives, whether at home, in education or employment.
We discovered many barriers and enablers that affected disabled people’s experience of becoming an adult. These also effected their feelings of independence and equality.
Restricted choices in home life, education and employment were a common barrier.
Some disabled young people had a strong sense of freedom and independence when they moved away from their family home.
But accessible living costs more and it can be challenging to find the right facilities and support. This can lead to a restricted life, limiting their personal and professional lives and aspirations.
Disabled young people had similar experiences in education, with a lack of disability related support and facilities. This meant that some left education or decided not to go.
The limitation of choice in their place of education left these young people feeling “unwanted” or “not good enough”. Negatively affecting their confidence and aspirations.
Those that went to accessible institutions and had the relevant support, felt optimistic about their academic achievement and career goals.
Staff attitudes, culture, flexible learning and accessible university campuses were all important for an equal experience.
Disabled young people moving into employment have often had their confidence knocked from experiences in education.
They also experienced a limited job market, having difficulty getting interviews and jobs for roles appropriately skilled for the career ambitions and support needs.
Appropriate support and flexible working from employers are crucial for disabled people to find and stay in work.
Openness and support made disabled people feel secure and satisfied in their roles.
Besides taking on the extra financial responsibilities of adult life. Disabled young people face extra costs. Accessible living costs more which often mean leisure activities are sacrificed.
Higher costs to live alone compromise living arrangements for disabled people, particularly when they can manage their condition better living alone.
Some disabled young people have had to adapt to shared accommodation when it is not suitable.
This can create extra effort:
Which can leave disabled young people feeling misunderstood and uncomfortable in their own home, negatively affecting their overall wellbeing.
The additional cost has also meant some disabled young people have decided to stay with family, despite wanting to move out.
Our research tells us that moving to a more accessible home results in a better quality of life.
Disabled young people are mindful of working harder to build job security and a successful career so they can have financial security.
Many disabled young people experienced negative public attitudes that were specific to their age group. They believe there is a general lack of awareness and understanding about disability.
They report experiences of the public making assumptions and stereotypes about disabled young people faking their condition or being lazy.
These attitudes extend to education, particularly when requesting materials and flexible ways of learning.
These attitudes negatively affect disabled young people and prevent them from progressing with their studies.
Low expectations from staff discourage disabled students, and this has led to some disabled young people leaving education.
By the time disabled young people move to find work, they have already had their confidence knocked by negative attitudes in education. They face a limited job market and a lack of understanding about disability employment.
Improving understanding of disability support and facilities will empower staff, helping them nurture the needs of disabled young people, supporting their aspirations and career goals.
Disabled young people rely on informal structure of support, such as family and friends who understand their condition. For some it is important to live with friends and family to feel supported in their daily lives.
More formal structures can also be important, for example:
The right support enables disabled young people to feel independent.
Home life was directly related to independence and moving into adulthood, regardless of living arrangements.
For some this meant parental support while they developed the confidence and knowledge to live independently. This was emotional and financial.
Those that moved away from their family home felt that having their own space suited their needs. And allowed them to live independently.
Those needing accessible living, often faced a more expensive option, creating a barrier for many disabled young people.
Societal structures come in many forms.
And more formal networks, such as:
These networks and relationships allow individuals to live the life they choose; in the way they choose.
This group of disabled young people show remarkable resilience and ambition, despite the barriers they face.
They are fiercely independent even when their lives frequently require extra costs and effort to navigate barriers in society.
We will continue to follow their life journeys as they find their own sense of independence.